[背景]我国居民蔬菜需求量大，温棚因具有保暖、保温的功能得到广泛应用；但是温棚具有高温、高湿、密闭等特点，导致棚内喷洒的农药易通过呼吸道和皮肤接触进入人体，从而对种植者身体健康造成不良影响。

[目的]了解银川市蔬菜温棚从业者呼吸系统健康状况，分析温棚从业者呼吸系统疾病的影响因素。

[方法]2015—2017年，从银川市17 个种植温棚蔬菜的村落中，根据地理位置编号，随机抽取4 个村落，然后从每个村落随机抽取1 个居民小组，根据纳入和排除标准，确定共计900名温棚从业者作为调查样本。通过问卷调查的方式获取银川市蔬菜温棚从业者的一般人口学特征、生活习惯及农药使用行为及呼吸系统疾病患病情况。回收有效问卷885 名，有效回收率 98.3%。运用逐步logistic回归分析从业者呼吸系统疾病的影响因素。

[结果]呼吸系统疾病者检出86 人，检出率为9.7%。男性呼吸系统疾病检出率为11.8%，高于女性的7.5%（χ2=4.840，P＜0.%的温棚从业者文化程度为小学和文盲水平，40 岁及以上者占总人群的77.3%；732 人没有锻炼习惯，占82.7%。吸烟者检出率高于非吸烟者（12.5%、7.7%；χ2=5.796，P＜0.05），饮酒者检出率高于非饮酒者（20.4%、3.9%；χ2=4.077，P＜0.05），不同工作姿势组间检出率差异具有统计学意义（χ2=10.914，P＜0.05）。逐步logistic回归分析发现，相对于看见虫害就喷洒农药的行为，定期喷洒农药的行为对于温棚从业者是一保护性因素，其呼吸系统疾病的检出风险（OR及其95%CI）为0.545（0.314～0.946）；而其他人口学特征、生活习惯及农药使用行为的OR均未显示统计学意义。

[结论]温棚从业者定期喷洒农药行为可对其呼吸系统产生一定的影响。

国家自然科学基金（）

禹虎（1991—），男，硕士生；

E-

杨惠芳，E-

[Background]There is a large demand for vegetables in are widely used for its function of keeping ,pesticides sprayed in the enclosed sheds with high temperature and high humidity may enter workers' body through respiratory tract and skin contact,which may cause adverse health effects.

[Objective]This study is conducted to understand the respiratory system health of greenhouse practitioners in Yinchuan,and explore the influencing factors of respiratory diseases.

[Methods]According to geographical location code,four villages were randomly selected out of 17 villages with vegetable greenhouses installed in Yinchuan each year from 2015 to ,a resident group was randomly selected from each village,and a total of 900 greenhouse workers were selected after applying inclusion and exclusion general demographic characteristics,living habits,pesticide use behavior,and prevalence of respiratory diseases were obtained by a questionnaire survey.A total of 885 valid questionnaires (98.3%) were influencing factors of respiratory diseases of the greenhouse practitioners were analyzed by stepwise logistic regression.

[Results]There were 86 patients reporting respiratory diseases (9.7%).The prevalence rate of respiratory diseases in male workers was 11.8%,higher than that in female workers (7.5%) (χ2=4.840,P＜ 0.05).Most greenhouse workers had a primary school education or below (59.9%),were at or over 40 years of age (77.3%),and did not have exercise habit (82.7%).The prevalence rate of respiratory diseases was higher among smokers than among non-smokers (12.5% vs 7.7%,χ2=5.796,P＜ 0.05) and higher among drinkers than among non-drinkers (20.4% vs 3.9%,χ2=4.077,P＜ 0.05).The prevalence rates of respiratory diseases among groups with different working postures were significantly different (χ2=10.914,P＜ 0.05).Compared with spraying pesticides when spotting pests,spraying regularly was a protective factor of respiratory diseases for the greenhouse workers (OR=0.545,95%CI:)；no significantORswere found for the other demographic characteristics,living habits,and pesticide use behaviors.

[Conclusion]The behavior of regular spraying of pesticides on workers in warm sheds will have a certain effect on their respiratory system.

目前我国蔬菜种植面积和产量均位居世界第一，居民对蔬菜的需求量也逐年增加[1]，温棚因其具有保暖、保温的功能在蔬菜种植中得到了广泛的应用。温棚内广泛使用农药，但由于温棚因具有高温、高湿、密闭、通风差、光线弱等小气候特点，可能会对从业者身体健康造成不良影响。调查显示温棚从业者对农药危害认识不足[2]。吉林省农民使用农药行为缺乏规范，使用瓶盖量取液体农药的比例高达61.8%，将使用后随手丢弃农药包装容器者占44.4%[3]。大部分农药具有挥发性，导致农药容易通过呼吸道进入人体，引起鼻炎等各种呼吸系统疾病[4]。温棚从业者长期处于不良工作环境，同时缺乏相关的农药使用知识[5]和专业农药讲解培训[6]，也缺乏相应的防护措施。本研究拟探讨银川市温棚从业者呼吸系统健康状况，并分析可能的影响因素，为该职业人群呼吸系统疾病的预防控制工作提供科学理论依据。